An inflammation of the cervix, the thin end of the uterus that exits into the vagina, is known as cervicitis.
An inflammation of cervix can cause bleeding during or after menstruation, pain during sexual activity or a pelvic exam, and irregular vaginal discharge. Cervicitis can, however, sometimes occur without any outward manifestations of symptoms.
Cervicitis is frequently caused by a sexually transmitted infection, like gonorrhea or chlamydia. It can also arise from non-infectious sources. Addressing the underlying source of the inflammation is essential for the successful management of cervicitis.
How can someone identify whether they have cervicitis?
Consulting with your healthcare physician for an evaluation is the only reliable method to determine if you have cervicitis. The symptoms of cervicitis are:
- Abnormal vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor and a color that can be yellow, white, or gray.
- Mild vaginal bleeding that is unexpected.
- Inflammation of the vagina or vulvar.
- Frequent, painful urination
- Pain during sex
- Bleeding between menstrual periods
- Vaginal bleeding after sex, not associated with a menstrual period
It’s crucial to get medical attention if you have any of the symptoms listed above or have previously had an STI. It should be mentioned that not everyone has the symptoms of cervicitis. Therefore, in order for your healthcare practitioner to look for any anomalies, routine gynecological exams are crucial.
Causes
Here are a few possible root causes of cervicitis:
Infections acquired through sexual activity. Sexual contact is the primary means of transmission for the bacterial and viral diseases that cause inflammation of the cervix. Common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes, can cause cervicitis.
Allergic responses. It may result from an allergy, either to latex in condoms or to contraceptive spermicides. Cervicitis can also result from an allergic reaction to feminine hygiene products like douches or feminine deodorants.
Bacterial development. It can also result from bacterial vaginosis, an excess of some of the bacteria that are normally found in the vagina.
Radiation therapy or systemic inflammatory diseases.
How can one diagnose cervicitis?
An entire pelvic exam can be used to detect a cervix infection. You might also get a pap smear. Your doctor can examine your uterine and cervical cells with these tests to look for any anomalies. Additionally, your healthcare provider will collect a sample of any vaginal discharge in order to perform an infection test for bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomonas. Throughout your visit, your medical professional will look for:
- Any erythema on your vagina.
- Any type of abnormal discharge from vagina
- Blood on your cervix or vagina.
- Inflammation of the walls of the vagina.
Complications
To prevent bacteria and viruses from entering your uterus, the cervix serves as a barrier. There’s a higher chance that an infection will spread to your uterus if it starts in the cervix.
Gonorrhea- or chlamydia-related cervicitis can extend to the lining of the uterus and the fallopian tubes, leading to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), an infection of the female reproductive system that, if left untreated, can impair fertility.
Additionally, cervicitis can raise your chance of contracting HIV from a sexual partner who is infected.
Management
How is cervicitis treated?
Cervicitis medical treatment generally involves antibiotics to get rid of any bacterial infections that might be resulting in the infection. Even in cases where germs are not found, people under the age of 25 or those who participate in high-risk behaviors may receive antibiotic treatment.
Most cases of cervicitis are successfully treated with antibiotics. Some bacteria may exist even when they are difficult to find.
What is the duration of healing for cervicitis?
Cervicitis might take up to two weeks to cure. To make sure the infection goes away entirely, you should take antibiotics exactly as directed by your doctor.
Prevention
Prevention strategies such as consistent condom use and regular STI screenings are crucial for maintaining women’s health. By prioritizing these measures, individuals can reduce the risk of cervicitis and other reproductive health issues. Remember, early detection and treatment play key roles in preserving overall well-being.
